Английская Википедия:Ali in the Quran

Материал из Онлайн справочника
Перейти к навигацииПерейти к поиску

Ali in the Quran collects the verses of the Quran, the central religious text of Islam, which are said to have been revealed about Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Ali played a pivotal role during the formative years of Islam and is recognized as the fourth Rashidun caliph (Шаблон:Reign) in Sunni Islam and the first imam in Shia Islam. Perhaps the most controversial such verse is 5:55, also known as the [[Verse of walaya|verse of Шаблон:Transl]], which gave Ali the same spiritual authority (Шаблон:Transl) as Muhammad, according to the Shia.

Verses linked to Ali

Ali regularly represented Muhammad in missions that were preceded or followed by Quranic injunctions.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Nevertheless, the mainstream view in Islam is that he is not mentioned by name in the Quran,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn although some have interpreted certain occurrences of the words Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl, Шаблон:Transl in the Quran in reference to Ali.Шаблон:Sfn One such instance is verse 19:50, which some have interpreted as, "We appointed for them Ali as a voice of truth."Шаблон:Sfn Independent of such views, Shia tradition connects Ali and other Shia imams with many ambiguous (Шаблон:Transl) verses of the Quran, cf. verse 3:7.Шаблон:Sfn For instance, a tradition ascribed to Ali suggests that a fourth of the Quran is about the House of Muhammad, or the Ahl al-Bayt, while another fourth is about their enemies. The extant Quran certainly does not meet this description but the inconsistency can be explained by another Shia tradition, which states that the verses of the Quran about the virtuous are primarily directed at the Ahl al-Bayt, while those verses about the evildoers are directed first at their enemies.Шаблон:Sfn Beyond these, certain verses of the Quran were directly revealed about Ali, according to some Shia and Sunni authorities,Шаблон:Sfn a few of which are listed below.

Verse 2:207

Шаблон:Main

Laylat al-mabit (Шаблон:Lit) refers to the night in 622 CE in which Muhammad fled from the city of Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed Medina, apparently to foil an assassination plan.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn That night, Ali reputedly risked his life by sleeping in Muhammad's bed instead of him to facilitate his escape.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn When the assassins broke into Muhammad's residence, they found Ali, whose life they spared.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn His act of self-sacrifice may have been the reason for the revelation of verse 2:207 in the Quran,Шаблон:Sfn "But there is also a kind of man who gives his life away to please God, and God is most compassionate to his servants."Шаблон:Sfn This was the opinion Ibn Abbas (Шаблон:Died in), an influential early exegete,Шаблон:Sfn and such reports are also found in the works of the Sunni authors al-Tha'labi (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn al-Razi (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn and al-Haskani,Шаблон:Sfn the Shia authors al-Tabarsi (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn al-Hilli (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn al-Balaghi (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn and the Mu'tazilite scholar Ibn Abi'l-Hadid (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 3:61

Шаблон:Main

A Christian envoy from Najran, located in South Arabia, arrived in Medina circa 632 and negotiated a peace treaty with Muhammad.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During their stay, the two parties may have also debated the nature of Jesus, human or divine, although the delegation ultimately rejected the Islamic belief,Шаблон:Sfn which acknowledges the miraculous birth of Jesus but rejects the Christians' belief in his divinity.Шаблон:Sfn Linked to this ordeal is verse 3:61 of the Quran.Шаблон:Sfn This verse instructs Muhammad to challenge his opponents to Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit),Шаблон:Sfn perhaps when the debate had reached a deadlock.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:BlockquoteThe delegation withdrew from the challenge and negotiated for peace.Шаблон:Sfn The majority of reports indicate that Muhammad appeared for the occasion of Шаблон:Transl, accompanied by his daughter Fatima, her husband Ali, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn.Шаблон:Sfn Such reports are given by the Shia-leaning historian Ibn Ishaq (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn and the Sunni scholars al-Razi,Шаблон:Sfn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (Шаблон:Died in), Hakim al-Nishapuri (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn and Ibn Kathir (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn The inclusion of these four by Muhammad in the Шаблон:Transl ritual, as his witnesses and guarantors,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn must have raised their religious rank within the community.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn If the word 'ourselves' in the verse is a reference to Ali and Muhammad, as Shia authors argue, then the former naturally enjoys a similar religious authority in the Quran as the latter.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Verse 5:3

Файл:Investiture of Ali Edinburgh codex.jpg
The Investiture of Ali at Ghadir Khumm in a fourteenth-century Ilkhanid copy of Chronology of Ancient Nations, illustrated by Ibn al-Kutbi

Шаблон:Main

Also known as the verse of Шаблон:Transl, verse 5:3 of the Quran includes the passage, "This day those who disbelieve have despaired of your religion. So fear them not, but fear Me! This day I have perfected for you your religion, and completed My blessing upon you, and have approved for you as religion, submission [to God] (Шаблон:Transl)."Шаблон:Sfn The chief Sunni interpretation of this verse is that it was revealed to Muhammad during his Farewell Pilgrimage to Mecca to signal the completion of Islamic legislation, although some legal injunctions about Шаблон:Transl were probably revealed after this verse.Шаблон:Sfn By contrast, Shia authorities are nearly unanimous that the verse of Шаблон:Transl was revealed following the announcement of Muhammad at the Ghadir Khumm, after his Farewell Pilgrimage and shortly before his death in 632.Шаблон:Sfn In Shia sources, Muhammad received this revelation following his designation of Ali at the Ghadir Khumm to guide the nascent Muslim community after him.Шаблон:Sfn Some Sunni sources also associate the verse of Шаблон:Transl with the Ghadir Khumm but reject its Shia significance.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 5:55

Шаблон:Main

Known in Shia Islam as the verse of Шаблон:Transliteration (or Шаблон:Transliteration),Шаблон:Sfn verse 5:55 of the Quran is translated by The Study Quran as, "Your protector (Шаблон:Transliteration) is only (Шаблон:Transl) God, and His Messenger, and those who believe, who perform the prayer and give alms (Шаблон:Transliteration) while (Шаблон:Transl) bowing down."Шаблон:Sfn This matches the Shia translation,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn while the Sunni translation of the verse is, "Your (real) friends are (no less than) God, His Messenger, and the believersШаблон:Em dashthose who establish prayers and pay Шаблон:Transliteration and (Шаблон:Transl) they bow down humbly (in worship)."Шаблон:Sfn Responsible for their difference is the Arabic conjunction Шаблон:Transl, which can mean 'while', as in the Shia translation, or may mean 'and', as in the Sunni translation.Шаблон:Sfn As for the occasion of its revelation, the verse is considered a specific reference to Ali by Shia and some Sunni commentators, that is, a reference to when Ali reputedly gave his ring to a beggar while he was bowing in worship in the mosque.Шаблон:Sfn The frequent association of this verse with Ali in early Sunni sources may support the authenticity of this claim.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Verse 5:67

Шаблон:Main

Also known as the verse of Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit), verse of 5:67 of the Quran reads,Шаблон:BlockquoteIn Shia Islam, this verse spurred Muhammad to deliver his announcement at the Ghadir Khumm about Ali,Шаблон:Sfn which in Shia signifies the divine investiture of Ali with the spiritual authority (Шаблон:Transl) over Muslims.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A few Sunni authors have similarly linked this verse to Ali's merits.Шаблон:Sfn Other Sunni exegetes forward different views, one of which connects this verse to Muhammad's criticism of Jews and Christians.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 33:33

Файл:آیه تطهیر.jpg
Verse of purification, inscribed in the shrine of Husayn in Karbala, Iraq

Шаблон:Main

Known as the verse of purification, verse 33:33 of the Quran concerns the status of purity of the Ahl al-Bayt, the last passage of which reads, "God only desires (Шаблон:Transl) to remove defilement (Шаблон:Transl) from you, O Ahl al-Bayt, and to purify you completely."Шаблон:Sfn Pointing to authentic traditions in Sunni and Shia sources,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Shia Islam limits the Ahl al-Bayt to Muhammad, Ali, Fatima, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn There are various views in Sunni Islam, though a typical compromise is to include also Muhammad's wives in the Ahl al-Bayt,Шаблон:Sfn perhaps because the earlier injunctions in the verse of purification are addressed at Muhammad's wives.Шаблон:Sfn The verse of purification is regarded by the Shia as evidence of the infallibility of the Ahl al-Bayt.Шаблон:Sfn

Verse 42:23

Шаблон:Main

Known as the verse of Шаблон:Transl (Шаблон:Lit), verse 42:23 of the Quran includes the passage, "[O Mohammad!] Say, 'I ask not of you any reward for it, save affection among kinsfolk.'"Шаблон:Sfn The Shia-leaning Ibn Ishaq narrates that Muhammad specified Шаблон:Transl in this verse as Ali, Fatima, and their two sons, Hasan and Husayn.Шаблон:Sfn This is also the view of some Sunni scholars, including al-Razi (Шаблон:Died in), Baydawi (Шаблон:Died in),Шаблон:Sfn and Ibn al-Maghazili.Шаблон:Sfn Most Sunni authors, however, reject the Shia view and offer various alternatives,Шаблон:Sfn chief among them is that this verse enjoins love for kinsfolk in general.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In Twelver Shia, the love in the verse of Шаблон:Transl also entails obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt as the source of exoteric and esoteric religious guidance.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Verses 76:5Шаблон:Ndash22

Verses 76:5-22 are connected to Ali in most Shia and some Sunni sources, including the works of the Shia al-Tabarsi, and the Sunni scholars al-Qurtubi (Шаблон:Died in) and al-Alusi (Шаблон:Died in).Шаблон:Sfn According to these authors, verses 76:5Шаблон:Ndash22 were revealed to Muhammad after Ali, Fatima, Hasan, Husayn, and their maidservant Fidda gave away their only meal of the day to beggars who visited their home, for three consecutive days.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In particular, verses 76:7Шаблон:Ndash12 read,Шаблон:Blockquote

See also

Шаблон:Portal Шаблон:Columns-list

Footnotes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

Источник — http://wikihandbk.com/ruwiki/index.php?title=Английская_Википедия:Ali_in_the_Quran&oldid=13062359